China and Russia’s advances have prompted the United States to bolster its own efforts in the quest for space and maintain the supremacy, which represents a key aspect of its global pretences. In this perspective, President Donald Trump announced on December 20 that the United States would equip itself with a Space Force to defend…

Russia, which in Soviet times pioneered space exploration in 1957 with the launch of the first artificial satellite (Sputnik 1), continues to pursue an ambitious space program (also through significant investments in the technology sector). Having 146 operational infrastructures at its disposal, Moscow ranks third in launching satellites in orbit, after the United States and…

Space has witnessed an intensifying level of economic-strategic activity as related to defense, protecting territory and other vital assets, which make it an arena for geopolitical competition. In fact, today, Space has created a new paradigm, aside from the more familiar contexts of land and sea, against the backdrop of which major global actors compete.…

The logic used by super powers in space is not an exclusively competitive one. In fact, there is a very rich level of cooperation between them, due to the fact that, unlike the case of economic competition, scientific research requires synergies. In this regard, the ESA (European Space Agency) is a good example of cooperation…